$CATEGORY: Science - Khan Academy/9.Heredity & Evolution/9.Heredity & Evolution--Evolution and classification

//Multiple Choice

Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection?
{
  ~ Lamarck
  = Darwin
  ~ Mendel
  ~ Wallace
}

What is the basis of modern classification of organisms?
{
  ~ Physical appearance
  = Evolutionary relationships
  ~ Habitat
  ~ Size
}

Fossils provide evidence for\:
{
  ~ Extinction of species
  ~ Evolutionary relationships
  = Both a and b
  ~ None of these
}

Homologous organs indicate\:
{
  ~ Similar function, different structure
  = Common ancestry
  ~ Analogous evolution
  ~ Artificial selection
}

Which of the following is an example of analogous organs?
{
  = Wings of birds and bats
  ~ Forelimbs of whales and humans
  ~ Leaves of cactus and pine
  ~ None of these
}

The branch of biology dealing with classification is called\:
{
  = Taxonomy
  ~ Ecology
  ~ Genetics
  ~ Evolution
}

The scientific name of humans is\:
{
  = Homo sapiens
  ~ Homo habilis
  ~ Homo erectus
  ~ Australopithecus
}

Vestigial organs in humans include\:
{
  ~ Appendix
  ~ Tailbone
  ~ Wisdom teeth
  = All of the above
}

The forelimbs of a frog, lizard, and bird are examples of\:
{
  = Homologous organs
  ~ Analogous organs
  ~ Vestigial organs
  ~ None of these
}

Which of the following is not a characteristic of primates?
{
  ~ Opposable thumbs
  ~ Binocular vision
  = Feathers
  ~ Large brain size
}

//True or False

Homologous organs perform the same function. {F}

Natural selection leads to the survival of the fittest. {T}

Fossils are found only in sedimentary rocks. {T}

Analogous organs indicate common ancestry. {F}

Evolution always leads to complexity. {F}

Classification helps in understanding evolutionary relationships. {T}

Birds evolved from reptiles. {T}

The wings of birds and insects are homologous. {F}

All vertebrates have a notochord at some stage of development. {T}

The study of evolution is unrelated to genetics. {F}

//Fill in the blanks

The process by which new species evolve from pre-existing species is called ________.
{
  = Speciation
  ~ Extinction
  ~ Classification
}

The study of fossils is known as ________.
{
  = Palaeontology
  ~ Taxonomy
  ~ Evolution
  ~ None of the above
}

Analogous organs have ________ functions but ________ structures.
{
  = Similar, different
  ~ Different, similar
  ~ None, identical
  ~ None of the above
}

________ is the smallest taxonomic unit.
{
  = Species
  ~ Genus
  ~ Kingdom
  ~ None of the above
}

The term "survival of the fittest" was coined by ________.
{
  ~ Charles Darwin
  = Herbert Spencer
  ~ Gregor Mendel
  ~ None of the above
}

Classification of organisms into groups is based on ________.
{
  = Similarities and differences
  ~ Size and weight
  ~ Random selection
  ~ None of the above
}

Fossils found in deeper layers of the earth are ________ than those in upper layers.
{
  = Older
  ~ Younger
  ~ Similar in age
  ~ None of the above
}

The scientific name of the tiger is ________.
{
  ~ Panthera leo
  = Panthera tigris
  ~ Panthera pardus
  ~ None of the above
}

The forelimbs of a human and the wings of a bat are ________ organs.
{
  = Homologous
  ~ Analogous
  ~ Vestigial
  ~ None of the above
}

The classification system was first proposed by ________.
{
  = Linnaeus
  ~ Darwin
  ~ Wallace
  ~ None of the above
}

//Numericals

If a fossil is found 100 meters below the surface and another is found 50 meters below, which is older?
{
  = 100 meters
  ~ 50 meters
}

A population of 500 organisms has a mutation rate of 2%. How many organisms might exhibit the mutation?
{
  ~ 10
  = 20
  ~ 25
}

If the half-life of a radioactive element is 5000 years, how old is a fossil with 25% of the original element remaining?
{
  ~ 2500 years
  ~ 5000 years
  = 10,000 years
}

A tree species evolves into 4 new species in 1 million years. How many species will exist in 3 million years?
{
  ~ 4
  ~ 12
  = 16
}

If a species has 10% of its population surviving each generation, how many individuals remain after 3 generations if the starting population is 1000?
{
  ~ 100
  ~ 10
  = 1
}

If the current population of a species is 1000 and it doubles every 50 years, what will the population be in 150 years?
{
  ~ 2000
  ~ 4000
  = 8000
}

The fossil record shows a species lived for 2 million years. If each generation is 20 years, how many generations did the species exist?
{
  = 100,000
  ~ 1,000,000
  ~ 10,000
}

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 1000 years. How much of a 10g sample remains after 3000 years?
{
  = 1.25g
  ~ 2.5g
  ~ 5g
}

If 60% of a species’ DNA matches with another, how many base pairs are identical in a genome of 100,000?
{
  ~ 40,000
  = 60,000
  ~ 80,000
}

If a mutation affects 5% of a population of 2000, how many individuals are affected?
{
  ~ 100
  = 200
  ~ 300
}

//Match the following

Match the following items from Column A with their correct corresponding options from Column B\:
{
= Homologous organs -> Different function, same origin 
= Analogous organs -> Similar function, different origin 
= Fossils -> Evidence of evolution 
= Binomial Nomenclature -> Carolus Linnaeus
}


//******** END **********