$CATEGORY: Science - Khan Academy/9.Heredity & Evolution/9.Heredity & Evolution--Fossils

//Multiple Choice

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of\:
{
  = Living organisms
  ~ Planets
  ~ Rocks
  ~ Water
}

The process by which fossils are formed is called\:
{
  = Fossilization
  ~ Crystallization
  ~ Sedimentation
  ~ Evaporation
}

Which of the following is NOT a type of fossil?
{
  ~ Cast fossil
  ~ Mold fossil
  ~ Impression fossil
  = Solar fossil
}

Fossils help in understanding\:
{
  = All of the above 
  ~ The age of Earth
  ~ Evolution of species
  ~ Changes in climate 
}

Which of these is the best condition for fossil formation?
{
  ~ High oxygen environment
  = Rapid burial under sediment
  ~ Direct exposure to sunlight
  ~ Decomposition by bacteria
}

The age of fossils is determined using\:
{
  = Carbon dating
  ~ Water displacement
  ~ pH testing
  ~ Magnetic attraction
}

Which of the following is an example of a fossil?
{
  = All of the above 
  ~ Amber-preserved insects
  ~ Footprints of dinosaurs
  ~ Petrified wood 
}

The study of fossils is called\:
{
  ~ Botany
  ~ Archaeology
  = Paleontology
  ~ Geology
}

Fossils are mostly found in\:
{
  ~ Igneous rocks
  = Sedimentary rocks
  ~ Metamorphic rocks
  ~ Volcanic rocks
}

The oldest fossils on Earth are approximately\:
{
  ~ 100 years old
  ~ 5000 years old
  = 3.5 billion years old
  ~ 50 million years old
}

//True or False

Fossils are only found in igneous rocks. {F}

Fossilization occurs over a very short period. {F}

Amber can preserve entire organisms as fossils. {T}

Fossils provide evidence for the evolution of species. {T}

Carbon dating is used to determine the age of all fossils. {F}

The oldest known fossils are of bacteria-like organisms. {T}

Dinosaur bones are a common example of fossils. {T}

Fossils can be used to study past climates. {T}

//Fill in the blanks

Fossils are found mainly in ______ rocks. 
{
  ~ Igneous
  = Sedimentary
  ~ Metamorphic
  ~ None of the above
}

The process by which fossils are formed is called ______. 
{
  ~ Evaporation
  = Fossilization
  ~ Erosion
  ~ None of the above
}

Fossils provide evidence of ______. 
{
  ~ Climate change
  = Evolution
  ~ Gravity
  ~ None of the above
}

The remains of ancient plants and animals are called ______. 
{
  ~ Crystals
  = Fossils
  ~ Sediments
  ~ None of the above
}

The study of fossils is called ______. 
{
  = Paleontology
  ~ Botany
  ~ Zoology
  ~ None of the above
}

A fossil formed by minerals replacing the organic material is called a ______ fossil. 
{
  ~ Cast
  = Petrified
  ~ Mold
  ~ None of the above
}

The age of fossils can be determined using ______ dating. 
{
  ~ Magnetic
  = Carbon
  ~ Electric
  ~ None of the above
}

Fossil fuels like coal and oil are derived from ancient ______. 
{
  = Plants
  ~ Metals
  ~ Minerals
  ~ None of the above
}

The fossil record helps scientists understand the history of ______. 
{
  ~ Electricity
  = Life
  ~ Planets
  ~ None of the above
}

Dinosaurs lived on Earth approximately ______ million years ago. 
{
  ~ 5
  = 65
  ~ 500
  ~ None of the above
}

//Numericals

A fossil has 25% of its original carbon-14 remaining. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,700 years, how old is the fossil?
{
~ 5,700 years
= 11,400 years
~ 17,100 years
~ 22,800 years
}

A fossil is found in a rock layer estimated to be 300 million years old. What method is used to determine this?
{
~ Carbon dating
= Radiometric dating
~ Water displacement
~ Magnetic attraction
}

If a fossil has 12.5% of its original carbon-14, how many half-lives have passed?
{
~ 1
~ 2
= 3
~ 4
}

A scientist estimates that a fossilized tree is 228 million years old. Which dating method did they likely use?
{
~ Carbon dating
= Uranium dating
~ DNA testing
~ Chemical analysis
}

A fossil is 22,800 years old. If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,700 years, how many half-lives have passed?
{
~ 2
~ 3
= 4
~ 5
}

//Match the following

Match the following items from Column A with their correct corresponding options from Column B\:
{
= Fossilization -> Process of fossil formation
= Paleontology -> Study of fossils
= Sedimentary rocks -> Contain most fossils
= Carbon dating -> Determines the age of fossils
}


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